6 - 10 Apr 2025
Cairo (Egypt)
Hotel : Holiday Inn & Suites Cairo Maadi, an IHG Hotel
Cost : 3900 € Euro
The course is concerned with the calculation of fault currents in practical electrical power systems. Short-circuit currents are associated with large amounts of very destructive energy and therefore calculations must be made to ensure that the short-circuit ratings of equipment are adequate to cater to these high currents. In addition, an accurate assessment of these currents is also essential for determining the settings of the system protection devices.
The methods of analysis, used throughout the industry, are thoroughly explained in this seminar. A powerful engineering software package that makes complex and repetitive calculations easy to follow and the document is used throughout the seminar to ensure that attention to detail is not compromised and minimum simplifications are made. A considerable portion of the course is devoted to the application of these methods to practical systems, starting from the preparation of the system for analysis through the calculation process, by manual calculation and by the use of computer analysis to the point of application of the results. The course is illustrated by practical examples of systems including ones as explained in detail in industrial standards that engineers need to be familiar with and able to follow and apply. Finally, industrial software programs are introduced that are capable of modeling complex electrical systems and make power system fault analysis a relatively easy task for engineers provided that one is able to explain and understand the results a computer program gives. This is important as with any computer software-based application where if the input data are wrong, for whatever reason, the results are also wrong and one needs to be able to observe such errors and make engineering judgments for their correction.
The objectives of this seminar are to present:
The basic theory of a three-phase power system under balanced and unbalanced conditions.
The per-unit system and analytical circuit based techniques to calculate industrial power systems for faults.
Advanced engineering mathematical software that can be used to make difficult and complicated calculations an easy task.
Balanced three-phase faults and unbalanced faults and their analysis using symmetrical components.
Application of impedance reduction techniques and positive, negative and zero sequence circuits and their interconnection for faults.
CAD driven PC based software that can be used to first confirm results of industrial power systems to be studied and analyzed during the course and its use for the analysis of more complicated systems.
Case studies and industrial standards for medium and low voltage networks and how faults are calculated.
At the end of the seminar, each delegate will:
Learn how to collect in a structured way data and information needed for a power system prior to fault analysis.
Be exposed to the analytical techniques to study a power system under various types of faults.
Understand faults, their effect and different types of calculations involved with a short, medium and long time of these phenomena affecting the power system.
Be able to assess the design and functionality of protective equipment.
Become familiar with the latest software-based approaches to deal with complicated commercial and industrial power systems and their analysis under fault conditions.
Day 1:
Introduction to fault analysis
Introductions
Goals - discussion
Source of fault current
Fault statistics
Basic assumptions
Short-circuit rating of the equipment
Selecting the correct switchgear rating for fault duties
Overview of the per-unit system
One-line diagrams
Sources of impedance data for all items of plant
Tutorial to demonstrate the preparation of a system for the study
Introduction to the engineering software used throughout the course to make complex and repetitive calculations as accurate as possible
Closing discussion
Day 2:
Three-phase short-circuit currents
Review - summary - discussion
Manual calculation of three-phase short-circuit current
Circuit reduction techniques
Industrial systems
Electricity supply systems
Tutorial - based on attendees plant
Cables subjected to short-circuit currents
Compliance with regulations
Closing discussion
Day 3:
Unsymmetrical fault conditions
Review - summary - discussion
Overview of symmetrical components
Consideration of various fault types
Sequence networks
Consideration of phase shift in two-winding transformers
Consideration of earth impedance
Consideration of three-winding transformers
Closing discussion
Day 4:
Representation of unsymmetrical faults in power systems
Review - summary - discussion
Fault diagrams
Interconnected sequence networks
Special considerations with reference to limitation of earth fault current
Demonstration examples based on industrial power systems
Closing discussion
Day 5:
Computer-based calculation of faults
Review - summary - discussion
Introduction to a scaled-down industrial program capable to model complex power systems under fault conditions
Use of the software program in practical studies (checking manual calculations)
Industrial standards
Case studies of faults in a high voltage network
Case study of faults in a low voltage network