Introduction
The course is concerned with the calculation of fault currents in practical electrical power systems. Short-circuit currents are associated with large amounts of very destructive energy and therefore calculations must be made to ensure that the short-circuit ratings of equipment are adequate to cater to these high currents. In addition, an accurate assessment of these currents is also essential for determining the settings of the system protection devices.
The methods of analysis, used throughout the industry, are thoroughly explained in this seminar. A powerful engineering software package that makes complex and repetitive calculations easy to follow and the document is used throughout the seminar to ensure that attention to detail is not compromised and minimum simplifications are made. A considerable portion of the course is devoted to the application of these methods to practical systems, starting from the preparation of the system for analysis through the calculation process, by manual calculation and by the use of computer analysis to the point of application of the results. The course is illustrated by practical examples of systems including ones as explained in detail in industrial standards that engineers need to be familiar with and able to follow and apply. Finally, industrial software programs are introduced that are capable of modeling complex electrical systems and make power system fault analysis a relatively easy task for engineers provided that one is able to explain and understand the results a computer program gives. This is important as with any computer software-based application where if the input data are wrong, for whatever reason, the results are also wrong and one needs to be able to observe such errors and make engineering judgments for their correction.
Course Objectives of Electrical Faults
The objectives of this seminar are to present:
- The basic theory of a three-phase power system under balanced and unbalanced conditions.
- The per-unit system and analytical circuit based techniques to calculate industrial power systems for faults.
- Advanced engineering mathematical software that can be used to make difficult and complicated calculations an easy task.
- Balanced three-phase faults and unbalanced faults and their analysis using symmetrical components.
- Application of impedance reduction techniques and positive, negative and zero sequence circuits and their interconnection for faults.
- CAD driven PC based software that can be used to first confirm results of industrial power systems to be studied and analyzed during the course and its use for the analysis of more complicated systems.
- Case studies and industrial standards for medium and low voltage networks and how faults are calculated.
Course Benefits of Electrical Faults
At the end of the seminar, each delegate will:
- Learn how to collect in a structured way data and information needed for a power system prior to fault analysis.
- Be exposed to the analytical techniques to study a power system under various types of faults.
- Understand faults, their effect and different types of calculations involved with a short, medium and long time of these phenomena affecting the power system.
- Be able to assess the design and functionality of protective equipment.
- Become familiar with the latest software-based approaches to deal with complicated commercial and industrial power systems and their analysis under fault conditions.
Course Outlines of Electrical Faults
Day One
Introduction to fault analysis
- Introductions
- Goals - discussion
- Source of fault current
- Fault statistics
- Basic assumptions
- Short-circuit rating of the equipment
- Selecting the correct switchgear rating for fault duties
- Overview of the per-unit system
- One-line diagrams
- Sources of impedance data for all items of plant
- Tutorial to demonstrate the preparation of a system for the study
- Introduction to the engineering software used throughout the course to make complex and repetitive calculations as accurate as possible
- Closing discussion
Day Two
Three-phase short-circuit currents
- Review - summary - discussion
- Manual calculation of three-phase short-circuit current
- Circuit reduction techniques
- Industrial systems
- Electricity supply systems
- Tutorial - based on attendees plant
- Cables subjected to short-circuit currents
- Compliance with regulations
- Closing discussion
Day Three
Unsymmetrical fault conditions
- Review - summary - discussion
- Overview of symmetrical components
- Consideration of various fault types
- Sequence networks
- Consideration of phase shift in two-winding transformers
- Consideration of earth impedance
- Consideration of three-winding transformers
- Closing discussion
Day Four
Representation of unsymmetrical faults in power systems
- Review - summary - discussion
- Fault diagrams
- Interconnected sequence networks
- Special considerations with reference to limitation of earth fault current
- Demonstration examples based on industrial power systems
- Closing discussion
Day Five
Computer-based calculation of faults
- Review - summary - discussion
- Introduction to a scaled-down industrial program capable to model complex power systems under fault conditions
- Use of the software program in practical studies (checking manual calculations)
- Industrial standards
- Case studies of faults in a high voltage network
- Case study of faults in a low voltage network
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Things to do and places to visit in Dubai
Dubai's wealth has made it famous for building ever taller buildings and creating artificial islands off its shores. The city's hotels are luxurious and shoppers will love its extensive shopping malls which showcase all the world's top brands. Dubai's attractions don't end there. Dubai also caters to adventure lovers, who can jump in a 4x4 or on a board to speed over dunes outside the city. Local culture mustn't be forgotten either, and visitors have wonderful mosques to visit and old districts to explore. All that combined means that a flight to Dubai is sure to lead to an unforgettable holiday.
When visiting Dubai, be sure to:
- Go to the observation deck of the Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world.
- Admire the intricately beautiful Grand Mosque, which has the tallest minaret in the city.
- Understand the local history and culture with a visit to the Dubai Museum.
- Discover objects from the 6th century at Jumeirah Archaeological Site.
- Go skiing – That's not a joke, the Mall of the Emirates houses a snowdome.
- Go shopping at the Mall of the Emirates or the Dubai Mall.
- Explore the desert surrounding the city – either by 4x4 or atop a camel.
- Eat fantastic seafood at Dubai Marina.
- Cool off at the Wild Wadi Waterpark.
- Marvel at gorgeous Arabic calligraphy at Jumeirah Mosque, the biggest in the city.
- Take a yacht tour around the artificial islands of Palm Jumeirah.
- Haggle for souvenirs in one of the city's souks.
- Wander around the traditional building in Bastakiya District.